An Analysis of Code-Switching and Code-Mixing as Expressions of Social Identity in the Song Tabola Bale by Silet Open Up

Abstract

This study addresses the limited understanding of how code-switching and code-mixing involving different regional languages contribute to social identity representation in Indonesian popular music. Previous studies have predominantly examined language contact between a regional language and Indonesian, leaving cross-regional linguistic combinations insufficiently explored. This study examines code-switching and code-mixing in Tabola Bale by Silet Open Up and collaborators, focusing on their forms, communicative functions, and potential relationship to social identity. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach and content analysis, the study analyzes the song’s 35-line lyrics transcribed from its official music video. The data are examined using Poplack’s (1980) typology of code-switching, Muysken’s (2000) framework of code-mixing, Tajfel’s (1981) Social Identity Theory, and Bhabha’s (1994) concept of cultural hybridity. The findings identify linguistic elements associated with Minangkabau and Eastern Indonesian varieties, alongside Indonesian colloquial expressions and English vocabulary. Examples include denai, Uda, ko pu, and mood. These patterns demonstrate linguistic variation and provide a basis for examining regional identity representation, stylistic variation, and emotional expression. However, the analysis also highlights the difficulty of classifying certain expressions without sufficient grammatical and contextual evidence. The findings suggest that combining regional linguistic resources can represent multiple cultural affiliations within a single musical work. Nevertheless, claims about collective solidarity, audience responses, and cultural resistance require further investigation.